The World Health Organization (WHO) has released updated recommendations on HIV clinical management, introducing new and revised guidance on antiretroviral therapy, prevention of vertical HIV transmission and tuberculosis (TB) prevention for people living with HIV.
The updated guidelines, which replace the recommendations issued in 2021, reflect major advances in HIV treatment and respond to emerging evidence on more effective, simplified and cost-efficient approaches.
WHO said the changes are aimed at improving treatment outcomes, reducing HIV-related deaths and accelerating progress towards ending AIDS as a public health threat.
The communique, released Wednesday, highlighted the need to strengthen measures on preventing vertical HIV transmission, as new infant infections continue to occur, particularly during breastfeeding.
“There is need for a person-centered public health approach that balances maternal choice with infant well-being. Mothers living with HIV are advised to exclusively breastfeed for the first six months, continue breastfeeding up to 12 months and, where appropriate, up to 24 months or longer, alongside effective maternal antiretroviral therapy and appropriate complementary feeding,” the communique read.
“All HIV-exposed infants should receive six weeks of postnatal prophylaxis, preferably with nevirapine, while those at higher risk should receive enhanced triple-drug prophylaxis. Extended infant prophylaxis may be used until maternal viral suppression is achieved, or breastfeeding has stopped.”
WHO also recommended the importance of tuberculosis prevention as it remain a leading cause of death among people living with HIV.
“There must be three months of weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine, known as the 3HP regimen, as the preferred TB preventive treatment for adults and adolescents living with HIV. Other WHO-recommended regimens remain available depending on clinical and programmatic considerations,” the communique read.
Director of the Department of HIV, TB, Viral Hepatitis and STIs, Dr Tereza Kasaeva, said the recommendations are a reflection to the commitment of WHO to strengthen the fight against HIV.
“These updated recommendations reflect WHO’s commitment to ensuring that people living with HIV benefit from the most effective, safe and practical treatment options available. By simplifying treatment, improving adherence and addressing persistent gaps in prevention, they will help countries strengthen HIV programmes and save lives,” Dr Kasaeva said.
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