By Ndumiso Tshuma
Poultry experts have warned farmers and beginners to strictly follow proper care procedures for day-old chicks during their first two weeks of life, saying failure to do so could result in high mortality rates and stunted growth.
Dr Enoch Machingauta, a poultry specialist at Econutrivet, said adequate preparation before the chicks arrive is essential to ensure survival and healthy development.
“A brooder must provide a safe, warm environment for the chicks to thrive. Bedding such as pine shavings or other suitable materials should be used to keep the area clean and dry. Farmers must also provide starter feed containing 20–22% protein. For water, shallow containers fitted with marbles or pebbles are ideal to prevent chicks from drowning. A reliable heat source, such as a lamp or brooder plate, is necessary to maintain the correct temperature,” he said.
Dr Machingauta stressed the importance of carefully inspecting the chicks as soon as they arrive.
“When your chicks arrive, examine them closely for signs of stress or injury. Ensure they are alive, active, and peeping. If any have died during transport, inform the supplier immediately,” he said.
He also advised that water should be offered before feed to help the chicks recover from the stress of transportation.
“After inspection, give them water first, preferably room-temperature water mixed with electrolytes such as Endocox, to help rehydrate them. Gently dip each chick’s beak into the water to encourage drinking,” Dr Machingauta said.
Once hydrated, chicks should be placed into the preheated brooder, avoiding direct exposure to the heat source.
“Put the chicks into the warm brooder, but keep them away from direct heat to allow gradual adjustment to the temperature,” he explained.
Dr Machingauta said farmers must maintain strict environmental controls during the first two weeks.
“The brooder temperature should be 35°C (95°F) for the first week, then reduced by 3°C (5°F) each week. Humidity levels must remain between 50 and 60 per cent. Provide unlimited access to clean water and starter feed with 20–22% protein. Monitor chicks daily for signs of stress, illness or injury,” he said.
He also warned of pasty butt, a common but potentially fatal condition in chicks.
“Chicks can develop pasty butt, where droppings block the vent. This must be cleaned gently with a warm, damp cloth. Provide electrolyte water to assist recovery and keep the environment calm to reduce stress,” he said.
Dr Machingauta advised beginners to maintain a clean and well-ventilated brooder environment.
“Remove soiled bedding regularly and replace it with clean material. Ensure proper airflow to prevent respiratory problems but avoid exposing chicks to cold drafts. Use a thermometer and hygrometer to track temperature and humidity. Handle chicks carefully, supporting their bodies and wings to avoid injury,” he said.
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